While humans have 206 bones, dogs are much more complex. On average, a dog has about 319 to 321 bones.
The exact number isn’t the same for every dog because of their unique shapes and sizes. Here is a breakdown of why that number varies and how a dog’s skeleton works.
Why the Number of Bones Varies
Unlike humans, who almost all have the same number of bones, dogs have two main features that change their count:
- Tail Length: This is the biggest factor. A long-tailed dog has many more vertebrae (small bones) in its tail than a breed with a naturally short or “bobbed” tail.
- Dewclaws: Some breeds are born with extra toes on their back legs, known as hind dewclaws. Each extra toe adds more bones to the total count.
The 6 Main Types of Bones
A dog’s skeleton is divided into different categories based on their shape and what they do for the body.
1. Long Bones
Found in the limbs (legs), these bones act as levers to help the dog run and jump.
- Examples: The femur (thigh bone) and the humerus (upper front leg).
- Function: They support the dog’s weight and contain growth plates that allow the dog to grow as a puppy.
2. Short Bones
These are roughly cube-shaped and are found in complex joints.
- Examples: The “wrist” (carpus) and “ankle” (tarsus).
- Function: They help with stability and shock absorption when the dog moves.
3. Flat Bones
These are thin and expanded in two directions.
- Examples: The shoulder blades (scapula), ribs, and parts of the skull.
- Function: They protect vital organs like the heart and lungs and provide a large surface for muscles to attach to.
4. Irregular Bones
These bones have odd shapes that don’t fit into other categories.
- Examples: The vertebrae (spine) and the hip bones.
- Function: They protect the spinal cord and support the body’s core.
5. Sesamoid Bones
These are small bones usually embedded within a tendon.
- Example: The patella (kneecap).
- Function: They protect tendons from wear and tear and help joints move smoothly.
6. Splanchnic Bones
Dogs have a unique type of bone that develops in soft tissue rather than being attached to the rest of the skeleton.
- Example: The os penis (baculum). This is a bone found in male dogs that humans do not have.
How to Keep Your Dog’s Bones Healthy
Bones are living tissue. To keep them strong throughout your dog’s life, follow these tips:
- Proper Nutrition: Feed puppies “large breed” or “small breed” specific food to ensure their bones don’t grow too fast or too slow.
- Weight Management: Carrying extra weight puts huge stress on a dog’s joints and bones.
- Watch for Limping: If your dog is limping or moving stiffly, it could be a sign of a fracture or a condition like hip dysplasia. Consult a vet immediately.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many bones does a dog have compared to a human?
Dogs have roughly 320 bones, while adult humans have 206.
Do dogs and humans have the same neck bones?
Almost! Both dogs and humans have 7 neck (cervical) vertebrae. This is a trait shared by almost all mammals.
What is the difference between long and short bones?
Long bones (like those in the legs) are designed for movement and height. Short bones (like those in the paws) are designed for stability and small, precise movements.
Why are my dog’s joints clicking?
Just like humans, air bubbles can pop in joints, or it could be a sign of arthritis. If it happens often or causes pain, have a vet take a look.
